verantwoording

gebruikt exemplaar

exemplaar universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden, signatuur: 1863 B 5

 

algemene opmerkingen

Dit bestand is, behoudens een aantal hierna te noemen ingrepen, een diplomatische weergave van Suriname folk-lore van Melville J. Herskovits en Frances S. Herskovits uit 1936.

 

redactionele ingrepen

p. 130: in de transcriptie van het takitaki komen de â, ê, î, ô en û voor, maar ook dezelfde letters met een afwijkende circumflex. Dit is digitaal niet weer te geven, daarom zijn deze letters met een gewoon circumflex, maar dan vet, weergegeven: â, ê, î, ô, û. Voor de betekenis van de accenten zij verwezen naar p. xi

p. 150-431 in het hoofdstuk ‘Tales from Paramaribo’ staan in het origineel steeds een verhaal in takitaki en de Engelse vertaling naast elkaar. In de digitale uitgave is het verhaal afgemaakt met de vertaling eronder. Hierdoor verspringt de paginanummering van eerdere naar latere pagina's en vice versa: een verhaal wordt afgemaakt met een stuk dat op een latere pagina staat, waarna vaak een verhaal van een pagina eerder begint

p. 402: noot 1 heeft geen nootverwijzing in de tekst, is door redactie geplaatst

p. 433-451: in het hoofdstuk ‘C. Riddles’ zijn eerst de pagina's met de takitaki tekst en daarna de pagina's met de Engelse vertaling gegeven

p. 453-471: in het hoofdstuk ‘D. Taki-taki proverbs’ zijn eerst de pagina's met de takitaki tekst en daarna de pagina's met de Engelse vertaling gegeven

p. 483-487: in het hoofdstuk ‘F. Dreams’ zijn eerst de pagina's met de takitaki tekst en daarna de pagina's met de Engelse vertaling gegeven

p. 709-740: in het hoofdstuk ‘Analyses of tonal structure’ worden de muziekbalken als aanklikbare scan weergegeven, de tekst binnen de muziekbalken is niet ingevoerd. Op de pagina's die hierdoor ‘leeg’ zouden zijn is de tekst ‘[vervolg]’ geplaatst. Dit zijn p. 716, 718, 719, 725, 730, 731, 732, 735.

 

Bij de omzetting van de gebruikte bron naar deze publicatie in de dbnl is een aantal delen van de tekst niet overgenomen. Hieronder volgen de tekstgedeelten die wel in het origineel voorkomen maar hier uit de lopende tekst zijn weggelaten. Ook de blanco pagina's (p. ii, vi, x, xii, 432, 452, 472, 474, 482, 488, 490, 530, 610, 702, 708, 742) zijn niet opgenomen in de lopende tekst.

 

[p. i]

Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology

Volume XXVII

 

SURINAME FOLK-LORE by MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS and FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS

 

[p. iii]

SURINAME FOLK-LORE by MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS and FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS

With transcriptions of Suriname Songs and Musicological Analysis by Dr. M. Kolinski

 

NEW YORK

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

1936

 

[p. iv]

PRINTED IN GERMANY

J.J. AUGUSTIN, GLÜCKSTADT AND HAMBURG.

 

[p. xiii]

CONTENTS

Preface	vii
Table of Phonetic Symbols	xi
Table of Illustrations	xxi
List of Figures in the Text	xxii

 

Part I. Notes on the Culture of the Paramaribo Negroes

1.	General Considerations	1
2.	The Koto-Missi	3
3.	Daily Life	9
4.	Marriage and Divorce	16
5.	Lɔbi-sɩngi	23
6.	‘Mati’ and the ‘Birthday Party’	32
7.	Birth-Customs and the Dangers of Early Childhood	35
8.	The Soul	44
9.	Fiofio	53
10.	Divination	55
11.	Gods and Familiar Spirits
	a) The Nature of the Wɩnti	61
	b) The Worship of the Wɩnti	70
	c) Wɩnti Maladies and Wɩnti Cures	82
	d) A Wɩnti-dance	86
12.	Magic, Good and Evil
	a) Obia - the Tapu and the Opo	99
	b) Wisi and Bakru	103
13.	The Spirits of the Dead
	a) The Yɔrka as an Ancestor	109
	b) The Yɔrka as an Enemy Ghost	111

 

Part II. Stories, Riddles, Proverbs and Dreams

A	Introduction
	1. Data and Informants	114
	2. Orthography	116
	3. Linguistic Notes	117
	4. Notes on Proverbs	135
	5. Notes on Riddles	137
	6. The Telling of the Tales	138
	7. Titling	146
	8. Arrangement of Bibliographic Notes	147

 

 

[p. xiv]

B	Tales from Paramaribo
	1. Outwitting Creditors: Chain of Victims	151
	2. Outwitting Creditors: Chain of Victims	153
	3. Outwitting Creditors: Escape Inside Gourd: The Talking Gourd	157
	4. Outwitting Creditors: How Slavery Began	159
	5. Outwitting Creditors: Anansi Tricks Banker Buffalo	159
	6. Slandering a Rival: Anansi and Rabbit	161
	7. Slandering a Rival: Anansi and Deer	161
	8. Tar Baby: How Anansi Came by Eight Legs	163
	9. Tar Baby: Why Anansi's Thighs are Thin	165
	10. Tar Baby: Monkey as Thief	165
	11. Tar Baby: God Above	167
	12. God Above	169
	13. A Lie Hurts More than a Wound: God Above	169
	14. A Lie Hurts More than a Wound	171
	15. Mock Funeral: Gun is Dead	173
	16. Mock Funeral: Gun is Dead	173
	17. Mock Funeral: Tiger Plays Dead	175
	18. Mock Funeral: Tiger Plays Dead: Bone for a Stump	177
	19. Mock Funeral: Gifts from the Dead: Fatal Imitation	179
	20. Fatal Imitation: Monkey's Urine is Sweet	183
	21. Plot to Cook Goat: Bone for a Stump	187
	22. The Boxing Contest: Anansi Uses a Hammer	187
	23. The Boxing Contest: Anansi Uses a Cudgel	189
	24. Tug of War	191
	25. Relay Race	193
	26. The Flying Contest	193
	27. Climbing Contest: Enemy as Judge	195
	28. Why Cock and Butter are Cooked Together: Enemy as Judge	195
	29. Fling Me!	197
	30. Anansi Rides Tiger	199
	31. Anansi Rides Tiger	201
	32. Anansi Rides Tiger	203
	33. Greed Test: The Earth Has Teeth	207
	34. The Mosquito Test: The Greed Test: The Earth Has Teeth	209
	35. The Pepper-Eating Test	213
	36. A Challenge to the Devil	213
	37. Eating Tiger's Guts: Incriminating Song: The Killing Hot Bath	215
	38. The Killing Hot Bath: Tables Turned	217
	39. Curing the Sick: Killing Tiger's Children	219
	40. Curing the Sick: Till Nothing Remains	221

 

 

[p. xv]

	41. Pot and Whip	223
	42. The Magic Whip	225
	43. Anansi's Wife Tricks Anansi	225
	44. Anansi's Wife Can Figure	227
	45. Collusion with Doctor: The Pots Acquire Feet	227
	46. Collusion with Diviner: How the Madungu Disease Spread	229
	47. Guessing a Name: Anansi Disguises as a Baby	229
	48. Guessing a Name: Anansi Disguises as a Baby	231
	49. Guessing a Name: Anansi Disguises as a Baby	235
	50. Anansi Disguises as a White Man	237
	51. Anansi Disguises as an American	237
	52. Anansi Disguises as an Angel: Tricks the Priest	241
	53. Anansi Disguises as an Angel: Tricks his Mother	243
	54. Contortion as Disguise	245
	55. Speech Mannerism as Disguise	245
	56. Magic Against Gossip	247
	57. Magic Against Gossip	247
	58. Trading with Death	249
	59. Stealing from Death: How Death Came to the City	249
	60. Bargaining with Death	251
	61. No Secrets	251
	62. Playing Sick	253
	63. Profitable Amends: Three Slaves for Three Grains of Corn	255
	64. Profitable Amends: Half a Village for Two Chickens	257
	65. How Wisdom was Spread	267
	66. Enfant Terrible: Killing Magic Bird	269
	67. Enfant Terrible: Killing Magic Bird: How Obia Spread	271
	68. Aboma Kills Anansi	273
	69. Cat as King of Rats	275
	70. Why Cat and Dog are Enemies	275
	71. Dog Asks for a New Name	275
	72. Why Dog Goes About Naked	277
	73. Dog's Riddle	277
	74. Anansi Sets a Trap for Dog	277
	75. Anansi Injures Apprentice Tiger: Kills Father Tiger	279
	76. Enemy Playmates: Snake and Toad	281
	77. Enemy Playmates: Kitten and Rat	281
	78. Baboon Teaches Dog to Climb	281
	79. Baboon Teaches Dog to Climb	283
	80. Incriminating Song	283
	81. Incriminating Song	285
	82. Grudging Hospitality	285

 

 

[p. xvi]

	83. Grudging Hospitality: the Feast on the Mountain and the Feast Under the Water	287
	84. Grudging Hospitality: the Feast on the Mountain and the Feast Under the Water	289
	85. Grudging Hospitality: Food-Taboo Pretext	291
	86. False Friendship: Grudging Hospitality	291
	87. Seeing Trouble: Watcher Tricked	293
	88. Tables Turned: Cockroach Revenged on Anansi	295
	89. Lying about Food Taboo	295
	90. Lying about Food Taboo: Purge to Catch Thief	297
	91. Tiger Decoys Cock	297
	92. Chosen Suitor	297
	93. Snake Gives Beauty	301
	94. Tiger and Goat in Partnership: Pointing Kills	303
	95. Animal Gratitude and Human Duplicity	305
	96. Animal Gratitude and Human Duplicity	307
	97. Animal Gratitude and Human Duplicity	309
	98. The Reward for Good is the Cudgel	311
	99. The Prince Who Changed into a Bird	313
	100. The Good Child and the Bad: Cinderella: Magic Whip	317
	101. Abused Child: Devil Files his Tongue	323
	102. Enfant Terrible: Flight up the Tree	325
	103. The King's Daughter: Magic Flight	327
	104. King Leiman's Daughter: Magic Flight	333
	105. ‘Brother-None-Surpasses’: Magic Flight	341
	106. Giants Cure Boastfulness	345
	107. The Boastful Drummer	347
	108. ‘Hide Anger till Tomorrow’	347
	109. One-foot, Big-ears, Broad-back, Wide-mouth	347
	110. The Password: the Branding-iron	351
	111. The Leaf that Talked	351
	112. Unfaithful Wife: the Letter Trick	351
	113. The Stupid Wife	353
	114. Spreading the Fingers	355
	115. No Sympathy	355
	116. Take My Place	357
	117. Mock Killing: Take My Place	359
	118. The Unknown Sister	363
	119. Enfant Terrible: Fate of King ‘Nothing-Hurts-Him’	369
	120. The Rose that Talked: Secret Name: Jealous Sisters	375
	121. The Sleeping Prince	381
	122. Rumpelstiltskin	383
	123. Man Plays Maid-Servant	385
	124. The Man Who Understood Animal Speech	389

 

 

[p. xvii]

	125. ‘Woman Kills Man’: Divulging Answer to Riddle	391
	126. ‘Woman Kills Man’: The Faithless Wife	391
	127. ‘Woman Kills Man’: The Jealous Father: Mother's Treachery	393
	128. Riddling for the Princess: Priest's Deception: Sleeping-mat Test	401
	129. Wealth from a Pot of Honey	413
	130. The Fastidious Go Hungry	415
	131. The Preacher Traps a Thief	415
	132. Master Liar	417
	133. Diploma for Laziness	417
	134. Cheating Death	417
	135. The Devil Complains	419
	136. Trespassing on the Devil's Land	419
	137. Broken Pledge: All Things Talk	421
	138. The Visit of the Vampire	421
	139. Disciplining a Drum	423
	140. Winti Adangra's Revenge	423
	141. Winti Adangra's Magic	425
	142. Yorka Come for Leftovers	425
	143. Yorka Teeth	427
	144. Yorka Rise from Graves	427
	145. The Guitar-Playing Yorka	427
	146. A Card Yorka	429
	147. Exorcising a Yorka	431
	148. Leba and Yorka Make a Wager	431
C.	Riddles	433
D.	Taki-taki Proverbs	453
E.	Proverbs of the Saramacca Bush-Negroes	473
F.	Dreams	483

 

Part III. Music

A.	General Statement
B	Musicological Analysis
	1. Introductory Remarks		491
	2. The Music of the Bush-Negroes
		a) Tonal Range	494
		b) Melodic Movement	495
		c) Absence of Half-tones	496
		d) Intervals	497
		e) Combinations of Thirds	498
		f) Combinations of Fourths	500
		g) The Penta-types of Modal Structures	501
		h) The Hexa-types of Modal Structures	503
		i) The Hepta-types of Modal Structures	505
		j) Falsetto	507

 

 

[p. xviii]

		k) Meter and Melodic Rhythm	507
		l) Drum Rhythms	507
		m) Formal Structures of the Songs	508
		n) Alternation of Solo and Chorus	509
		o) Part Singing (Polyphonic Music)	509
		p) Tempo	510
	3. The Music of the Town-Negroes
		a) Tonal Range	510
		b) Melodic Movement	510
		c) Intervals	510
		d) The Penta-types of Modal Structures	511
		e) The Hexa-type	511
		f) The Hepta-type	513
		g) Meter and Rhythm	513
		h) Formal Structure of the Songs	514
		i) Alternation of Solo and Chorus, and Polyphony	514
		j) Tempo	515
C.	Ethnological Evaluation		515
D.	Musical Instruments		520
E.	Notes on the Recording of the Songs		524
F.	Bush-Negro Songs
	1. Religious Songs
		a) Kromanti	531
		b) Dagowe	556
		c) Apuku	558
		d) Aido Wedo	566
		e) Wata Wɩnti	567
		f) G'ą, Obia	568
		g) Towenu	569
		h) Zambi	569
		i) Prayer to Earth Gods	570
	2. Ancestral Cult Songs
		a) Twin Songs	571
		b) Yɔrka	573
		c) Ancestral	573
		d) Papa Songs	575
	3. Secular Songs
		a) Susa	579
		b) Sɛkɛti	582
		c) Awasa	590
		d) Sųngi	595
		e) Banya	596
		f) Alada	597
		g) Work-songs	599
		h) Miscellaneous	604

 

 

[p. xix]

G.	Town-Negro Songs
	1. Songs in Stories		611
	2. Religious Songs
		a) Anąnsi tɔri	629
		b) Opete	629
		c) Kromanti Obia	633
		d) Tap' Kromanti	633
		e) Busi Kromanti	635
		f) Asobu-Djanti Wɩnti	640
		g) Adyanti Wɩnti	640
		h) Ɩ̨ŋgi Wɩnti	641
		i) Busi Ɩ̨ŋgi	645
		j) Watra Ɩ̨ŋgi	646
		k) Abo fō Watra	648
		l) Watra Wɩnti	649
		m) Lōango Wɩnti	650
		n) Papa Wɩnti	652
		o) Obia Wɩnti	653
		p) Song to ‘set’ Wɩnti	654
		q) Kɔmfo	654
		r) Grǫn Ɩ̨ŋgi Kɔmfo	655
		s) Ɩ̨ŋgi Kɔmfo	656
		t) Aisa	657
		u) Grǫn Mama	660
		v) Vodų fō Grǫn	661
		w) Akantamasu	662
		x) Tonɛ	666
		y) Apuku	668
		z) Lɛba	670
		aa) Dagowe	674
		bb) Yɔrka	679
		cc) Bakru	683
		dd) Agida	684
		ee) Sofia Bada	685
	3. Secular Songs
		a) Kawina	685
		b) Banya	693
		c) Lɔbi Sɩ̨ŋgi	695
		d) Fisherman's Song	697
		e) Miscellaneous	698
H.	Songs from Haiti
	1. Religious Songs
		a) Rongol	703
		b) Dambala Wedo	703
		c) Zombi	704
		d) Loko	704

 

 

[p. xx]

		e) Marassa (twins)	704
		f) Legba	705
		g) Simbi	706
I.	Analyses of Tonal Structure
	1. Suriname Bush
		a) Penta-type	709
		b) Hexa-type	711
		c) Hepta-type	715
	2. Suriname Town
		a) Penta-type	723
		b) Hexa-type	723
		c) Hepta-type	729
	3. Haiti		739

 

Appendices

I. Glossary of Taki-taki Words Appearing in Introductory Notes	743
II. Themes from Music of other Primitive Folk, used for Comparative Purposes in Musicological Analysis	751
III. Catalogue of Singers of Songs	753
IV. Field-Numbers of Songs Arranged According to Transcription Numbers	754
V. Transcription Numbers of Songs Arranged According to Field-Numbers	756
VI. Population of Suriname by Racial Type and Religious Affiliation	759

 

References

761