Appendix 2
Orthographical Note

The Creole texts are presented in an ad hoc orthography that makes them easier for an English or American public to read. The following orthographic key should be kept in mind:

Nasals	m	n	ny		ng	consonant signs
Stops vcd	b	d	dy		g
vcl	p	t	ty		k
Fricatives	f	s	sy
Lateral		l
Trill		r
Semivowels			y		w
Close			i		u	vowel signs
Half-close			e		o
Open				a

The double orthographic symbols in this table represent simple phonemes. The distinction between the lateral and the trill is allophonic. A symbol h is used in the texts but represents only a free variant of a vowel not preceded by h. The palatal consonants are written with the corresponding alveolar consonant symbols plus y. The final close vowel of diphthongs is written as the corresponding semivowel. Nasalized vowels are written with n after the vowel. Non-creolized Dutch words have been written in the standard Dutch orthography. In some words the half-open front vowel è (an allophone of e) is written. The official Creole orthography writes j for y, oe for u, and has for diphthongs the following conventions: ai, oi, oei for ay, oy, and uy; é for ey.

The text of Johannes King in chapter 4 is not presented in this orthography. His work, written in a very idiosyncratic spelling, has been edited in the standard orthography by H.F. de Ziel, who bases his editing on a careful interpretation of the texts. We have used De Ziel's version without change.