Het Boek. Jaargang 13
(1924)– [tijdschrift] Boek, Het–
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Bibliography of Peter Burman's ‘Meditatio seria’.There is a well-known little poem on Tobacco, written in the Macaronic style the components being Latinised Dutch, and Latin, entitled: ‘Meditatio Seria super Tabacatione pipali, rejecta nasali et anathematizata knablativa. Fumus gloria mundi.’ and it has been suggested to me that a short Bibliography of the various editions of the poem, as far as I have been able to trace them, would be of some interest not only to the readers of Het Boek, but possibly to others who are interested in the study of Macaronic literature, but before beginning any description of these it will be as well to state categorically what the Macaronic style really is, since there have been so many loose and inaccurate, not to say ignorant definitions even from ‘authorities’ and littérateurs who ought to have known better. As M. Gustave Brunet has pointed out ‘des auteurs, fort estimables d'ailleurs sont tombés dans des erreurs complètes, en confondant avec le macaronique, le latin corrumpu à plaisir et des langages hybrides, enfants de caprice’. The clearest and most accurate definition that has yet been given is that of Dr. Oskar Schade, in Part. I, of his ‘Fercula Macaronica’ (Hannover, 1855) wherein he states: ‘Die makaronische Poesie hat vielmehr zur Grundlage ihres sprachlichen Materials immer das Lateinische, das dann mit nachgemachtem Latein aus den Wörtern einer andern Sprache (je nach der Nationalität des Dichters) versetzt wird: an diese Wörter werden lateinische Endungen gehängt und sie werden dann wie lateinische decliniert und conjugiert, man beobachtet möglichst die lateinischen Constructionen und selbst die Gesetze der lateinischen Metrik, sofern es... thunlich, wenigstens scheinbar. Der makaronische Stil hat es also allemal nur mit zwei Sprachen zu thun, der lateinischen und einer beliebigen andern latinisirten in organischer Verbindung, wenn man so sagen darf’. | |
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This last sentence is excellent and offers a true criterion as to whether a piece is really written in the Macaronic style, or whether it is only a hybrid or mongrel production. The various editions that it has been possible to find will now be described: possibly others exist. A. In the preface to Genthe's reprint of 1826, he writes: - Der Herausgeber erhielt das Gedicht in einem Original-druck geschenkt von dem Herrn Professor Dr. Bodel-Nyenhuis in Leyden, welcher die Gabe mit einem Briefe, Leyden d.d. 22 November 1833, folgenden Inhalts begleitete:
‘Da ich vor wenigen Monaten bei einem meiner Freunde Ihre, vor 4 Jahren erschienene Geschichte der Macaronischen Poesie kennen lernte, suchte ich, je reicher ihre Sammlung sei, vergebens nach Burmann's Tobackslied, das bei unsern Landsleuten noch sehr bekannt ist. Ich erhasche eine Gelegenheit, es Ihnen portofrei zuzuschicken. Man muss in der Gelehrten Welt Jedermann behülflich sein, und da Sie einen Anhang versprochen haben, würde es vielleicht darin stattfinden können.’ etc.
Genthe comments in a footnote: ‘Wollte Gott, dass die Gesinnung dieses achtungswerthen Gelehrten allgemeiner wäre; aber man findet nur zu oft das Gegentheil’. The only description of this edition that Genthe gives is that ‘Das Gedicht ist auf starkem Papier, ein halber Bogen Fol., gedruckt und mit Einfassung verschen’. Whether Genthe was right or not in calling this the ‘Originaldruck’, cannot be ascertained since it has not been possible, after many enquiries, to find a copy.
B. meditatio seria // super // tabacatione pipali, rejecta nasali // et // anathematizata knablativa. // fumvs gloria mundi. //
A folio sheet, printed on one side only, title, as above, 6 lines: Then follows the poem, 46 lines of Latin-Dutch macaronic verse, followed by 4 lines thus: Est mea spes fumus.
Dat is:
Al myn wenschen is maar Rook.
Rooken is myn wenschen ook.
The last two lines in Italics.
Two copies of this Broadside are known, one in the University | |
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Library at Leyden, in the ‘Bibliotheek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde’ (see the printed Catalogue, Vol. I, col. 897: edition of Leiden 1887). The sheet of this copy measures 38.5 × 25.5 cm., and is printed on one side in gold lettering. The poem begins with the word cedite, and the initial C, is a large ornamental floriated capital C, which occupies rather over 6 lines in depth. The Macaronicised Dutch words are printed in Italic letters, as are the two little Dutch verses at the end. There is no author's name given, neither the place of printing, the printer, nor the year, but in the Catalogue it is said to be circa 1750(?). With regard to this, Mr. F. Kossmann, the sublibrarian of the Public Library at Rotterdam, wrote to me under date Jan. 7th 1924 as follows: ‘I cannot give you any authority for ascribing the “Meditatio” to Burman, nor can I find any indication that the print of the Leiden-copy should be from the XVIIth century. I should rather think that it will be from the first half of the XVIIIth century, though I cannot prove it. There is another print of this Broadside in the British Museum, exactly similar save that it is printed in black instead of in gold letters. The Press-mark is 1870. d. 1 (180). The minutest comparison has been made between this copy and a rotograph (photocopie) of the Leiden-copy, and conclusively shews that they are both from the same setting. The B. Mus. copy is on a slightly smaller sheet - perhaps it has been cut down, being 34.2 × 24 cm. The paper is a slightly blueish gray, with horizontally laid lines as watermark, the vertical lines being 26-27 mm. apart. Since this copy has been pasted into the book of Broadsides, one cannot say with certainty that there is any other watermark. The B. Mus. Catalogue says “?Amsterdam? 1650”, but this is manifestly wrong. Leiden, c. 1750’ is much nearer the truth. B. 2.Ga naar voetnoot1 The Meditatio is to be found at pp. 90-92, of the ‘Stu- | |
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denten Almanak, voor het Jaar 1823. Leyden: bij L. Herdingh en Zoon.’, a small book, about 155 × 97 mm. Engraved title page, and 112 pp. in-8o, signatures A - G. The poem has evidently been reprinted from the (1750) Broadside edition, which it closely follows, there being only two verbal differences, namely vurum for vuurum in line 39, and Speekseli for Speeksely in line A1. The punctuation stops. etc. vary slightly from the original. The following footnote is given: ‘De Redactie heeft geoordeeld dit stuk in dezen Almanak der vergetelheid te moeten onttrekken.’ There is no mention of the authors name or any suggestion that the poem was written by Burman. B. 3. The poem is also to be found at pp. 305-307 of the: ‘Korte geschiedenis der Leydsche Akademie, van 1812-1824. Vervat in den Studenten Almanak, van 1815-1824. Benevens het mengelwerk, der voornoemde tien jaren. Te Leyden bij L. Herdingh en Zoon MDCCCXXVI.’ This is in-12o: S199. A - O in 125, P with 12 teaves. The text is as B2. C. The next appearance of the poem is in the Vaderlandsche letteroefeningen: Tweede stuk voor 1831, Mengelwerk. Amsterdam, 1831. At p. 534 the writer of a letter on ‘Lof van den pekelharing’, adds the following Postcript: P.S. In mijn' jeugdigen tijd kende elk student van buiten, en had, of in schrift, of in druk, het geestig vers van Burman, in laudem Tabaci, beginnende ‘Cedite nasales’, etc. Het is thans, zoo 't schijnt, vergeten. Wie het bezit, zou velen genoegen doen, door het, hier of daar, ter plaatsing in te zenden. Or in English: In my youthful days every student knew by heart, and possessed either written or printed a copy of the witty poem by Burman ‘in laudem Tabaci’, beginning ‘Cedite nasales, etc.’. To day it seems to have fallen into oblivion. If any one who has a copy of it, would publish it, it would give pleasure to many.’
Accordingly, in the next number of the magazine we find a copy printed. It is on pp. 687, 688: this does not follow exactly the spelling of the (1750) edition. The letter of the anonymous corres- | |
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pondent p. 534, seems to be the only authority for ascribing this poem to ‘Burman’, though whether it is by Peter Burman senior, or by his nephew Peter Burman Secundus seems also to be quite unknown. - It is ‘ascribed to Burman’ and that is all that can to day be ascertained. I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. A. Hulshof of the Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht in referring me to the above magazine. D. The publication of the poem in the Letteroefeningen was the cause of its being printed in separate form, an enterprising Printer und Publisher J. Van De Velde Olivier of Zierikzee, issuing a little pamphlet of only 4 pages, 3 of which contain the poem. the 4th the following ‘Nota’, which sufficiently explains the reason for its appearance. ‘De uitgave van dit stukje is haar oorsprong verschuldigd aan eene aanmerking in de Letteroefeningen No. XIII van dit jaar, voorkomende in eene noot op zeker latijnsch versje op den haring, en bij welke aanmerking de wensch tot het weder te voorschijn brengen van dit bijna vergeten tabaksversje geuit wordt. Ofschoon nu aan die wensch schijnt voldaan te zijn door de plaatsing van hetzelve in de mengelingen van No. XIV van dat maandwerk, heeft men echter de tegenwoordige uitgave (waaraan men reeds, vóór die plaatsing, bezig was) niet overbodig geacht, zoowel om dit kunststukje van vernuft meer algemeen te maken, also om den liefhebberen de moeite van het afschrijven uit te winnen en daardoor het insluipen van schrijffouten voor te komen, die in meest alle de bestaande afschriften meer of min aanwezig zijn.’ Then follows, below, Olivier's name & address with the date, 1831. There is no title page as such: the first page shewing the title of the poem, and 12 lines of verse; no pagination: Size about 6¾ by 4¼ inches. These details are all given from rotographs of the copy at Leiden Univ. Library. The title is as follows: A waved rule // meditatio seria // super // tabacatione pipali, // rejecta nasali // et anathematizata knablativa. // Then between two short double rules fumus gloria mundi. // 12 lines on 1st page; 20 on second page, in subdivisions of 7, 6 and 7 lines with a space between each subdivision: 14 lines on 3rd p. and below, the usual 4 lines
Est mea spes fumus.
Dat is:
Al mijn wenschen is maar rook:
Rooken is mijn wenschen ook,
and then an ornament (a caduceus) below. | |
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The 4th page gives the Nota printed above and the printer's imprint within a double rule te zierikzee, bij j. van de velde olivier, boekdrukker en boekverkooper, 1831.
E. A few years afterwards another Broadside Edition appeared, believed by Mr. Martinus Nijhoff to be about 1835, in which no details as to author, date printer or place of printing are griven. It is printed on one side of a folio sheet of paper, my copy, the only one I know of, is 15¼’ × 123/10 inches: the paper is ‘laid’ and bears the watermark of J. KOOL & COMP on the left, and on the right of this the arms of the Hague and the motto pro patria. The type-surface is 12⅞ × 813/16; the title is arranged as follows:
meditatio seria // super // tabacatione pipali, // rejecta nasali // et // anathematizata // knablativa. // fumus gloria mundi // (between horizontal rules.) // The text is in two columns divided by a vertical triple rule: the Dutch-Latin words are in italics, as are the two little Dutch verses at the end. The title is all in Roman Capitals with the exception of the motto between rules, which is in Italics. I owe this copy to the kindness of Mr. Albert B. Cooper, of Amsterdam.
F. The next edition appears to be that published by Dr. F.W. Genthe in 1846. It is a little pamphlet of 8 pages only, the title page reads as follows:
Peter Burmann's // macaronisches Bedicht // über // Das Tabackrauchen. // rule // Bei // Gelegenheit der Feier // dreihundertjährigen Jubiläums // des Königlichen Gymnasiums zu Eisleben // herausgegeben // von // F.W. Genthe. // rule // Allen // ehemaligen Schülern // des // Königlichen Gymnasiums zu Eisleben // gewidmet. // an ornamental rule // Eisleben, 1846. // Druck und Verlag von G. Reichardt. //.
Title as above: verso blank. p. (3) notice of Peter Burmann Senior who died 31 March. 1741. and the letter etc. given under A: This preface is dated Eisleben, am 16. Februar 1846. pp. (5) & 6, ½ page 7 contain the poem, Dutch-Latin words printed in Italics as also the 2 little Dutch verses at the end. The last page, p. (8) contains an advertisement of Genthe's Deutsche Dichtungen des Mittelalters. The size of my copy, uncut, is 7¼ × 49/16 inches. There does not appear to be any copy of this in either the Leiden or Utrecht Univer- | |
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sity Libraries. The British Museum has a copy, Press-Mark, 11408. c. (3).
G. Some years later Genthe published a second edition, at the end of his reprint of Frey's Recitus Veritabilis etc. the title page reading as follows:
Zwei Macaronische Gedichte: // i. c. frey: recitus veritabilis // super terribili esmeuta // paësanorum de ruellio. // p. burmann: meditatio seria // super tabacatione pipali, // reiecta nasau et anathe- // matizata knablativa. // Mit Worterklärungen // von // F.W. Genthe. // ornamental rule // Eisleben, 1859. // Gedrukt in der Reichardt'schen Buchdrückerei. // The two titles are in ornamental Italic capitals. In .4's: sign. 1 with 8 pp., 2 with 4. = pp. (1)-12. issued in a blue paper wrapper, size 8⅜ × 7 inches. In Leiden and Utrecht University Libraries. Title as above, verso blank. Preface and notice of Janus Caecilius Frey p. (3) & a portion of p. 4, upon which page Frey's poem begins: it ends on p. 9; then follows a 3 line notice of Peter Burmann and the Meditatio Seria, which ends on p. 12. This edition is noticeable for the fact that Genthe has annotated both poems and gives copious footnotes explaining the macaronicised words.
H. Dr. Edward Sabellicus published his edition of the macaronic Poem ‘Floïa’. at Heilbronn, Verlag von Gebr. Henninger 1879, and in the Anhang at p.p. 72-75 the Meditatio Seria is given with explanatory footnotes: these are not an exact copy of Genthe's notes, though derived therefrom.
I. Subsequently another edition was published, this time as a Broadside, the following entry being found in Brinkman's Catalogus 1882-1891, p. 368:
Meditatio seria super Tabacatione pipali, rejecta nasali et anathematizata knablativa. Fumus gloria mundi. Leiden: J.W. Wierda, 1887. plano, ƒ 0.30.
K. By the great kindness of the Rev. Frater B. Kruitwagen, O.F.M., of the Couvent des Frères Mineurs, Woerden, I am the possessor of another broadside of considerable rarity. Frater Kruitwagen wrote me as follows:
‘Il a édité, s.n. l. et a., mais le R.P. Antonin Dudock, O.F.M. un des mes confrères, m'a informé, qu'il a fait imprimer ce texte, en 1906- | |
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07 environ, par l'imprimeur-éditeur Jos. van Lindert à Cuyk (Noord-Brabant). Le P. Dudock avait copié le texte sur un exemplaire manuscrit, qui se trouvait alors en possession de feu M. l'abbé P. van den Bosch à Hoogwoud, (prov. Noord-Holland) qui de son tour l'avait copié sur un exemplaire imprimé qui se trouvait dans la salle de conversation du Séminaire à Warmond (prov. Zuid-Holland), diocèse de Haarlem..... Le tirage de l'édition a été fait à 40 exemplaires. (Pas dans la commerce). Subsequently, after many enquiries, the Rev. Frater Kruitwagen succeeded in finding a copy of the edition, which he most kindly presented to me. Previously, he had lent me his own copy for examination. It is a Broadside, 16⅜ inches in height, with a width of 8⅜ inches, printed on one side only. The title is in Italies, as also is the motto Fumus gloria mundi, in a smaller fount, which is also used for the motto at the end of the poem, Est mea spes fumus, the text being in ordinary Roman type and the macaronicised words are not in Italics. The title is arranged as follows: Meditatio seria super Tabacatione // pipali rejecta nasali et anathematzata // knabbelativa. Fumus gloria mundi. // in 4 lines as above: the misprint in the 2nd line anathematzata for anathematizata will be noticed. Then follows the usual text, slightly different in spelling from that of (1750): at the end of the poem the motto Est mea spes fumus! and then the two Dutch verses in heavy block letters. The usual Dat is: before these verses is omitted. It is printed on a thin wove paper, slightly glazed, without watermark. This completes the list of those editions of which one can write with some degree of certainty, but mention must be made of two entries which occur in the ‘Bibliotheca Nicotiana’, by William Bragge, F.S.A., in the 1880 edition of his catalogue, where at p. 31 two items are described as follows: [159.] Meditatio Seria | super | Tabacatione Pipali, | rejecta Nasali | et Anathematizata | Knablativa. Trajecti ad Rhenum, apud C. van der Post, juniorem Bibliopolam. [MS.] [160] Another edition of the same broadsheet. These two items were placed in the Catalogue under the date 1751, but it is evident that this cannot be right since ‘Van der Post, the publisher, lived in Utrecht between 1840 and 1880’, as Martinus Nijhoff kindly informed me. It is better simply to record these entries without accepting any responsibility for their | |
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accuracy. The items were sold at Bragge's Sale in 1882, at Messrs. Sotheby's for five shillings, but it has not been possible to trace their present whereabouts. The description of the various editions has been rather lengthy, but as in several cases there is no information as to date, place of printing or publisher, it is has been necessary to go into detail which would have been unnecessary if the Editions had contained these particulars. A short list of the Editions is given herewith: A. Broadside: described by Genthe. a.u.n. B. do. a.u.n.? Leyden. [c. 1750]. *B.2. Printed in Studenten Almanak, Leyden, 1823. *B.3. Printed in ‘Korte geschiedenis’ etc., Leyden, 1826. C. Printed in Letteroefeningen. Amsterdam 1831. D. Pamphlet. J. van de V. Olivier. Zierikzee. 1831. *E. Broadside, a.u.n.? [c. 1835]. *F. Pamphlet. Genthe's 1st reprint Eisleben. 1846. *G. do, with J.C. Frey's Recitus. G.'s 2nd reprint. do. 1859. *H. Printed in Sabellicus' ‘Floïa’, Heilbronn 1879. I. Broadside. Folio. J.W. Wierda, Leiden 1887. *K. do. folio a.u.n. Jos. van Lindert, Cuyk, c. 1906-7. [The two items from the Bragge Collection are not sufficiently described to include here.] *) In the writer's Collection of Macaronic Literature. The poem being short, only 46 lines, a transcript of the Gold Letter Broadside of (1750) is given with the variants in spelling, etc., as shewn in Editions C, D, E, F, G, H and K.Ga naar voetnoot1 i[regelnummer]
MEDITATIO SERIA
ii[regelnummer]
SUPER
iii[regelnummer]
TABACATIONE PIPALI, REJECTA NASALI
iv[regelnummer]
ET
v[regelnummer]
ANATHEMATIZATA KNABLATIVA.Ga naar voetnootline v.
vi[regelnummer]
FUMUS GLORIA MUNDI.
Cedite Nafales, Knablativique, recedeGa naar voetnootline 1.
Impia Gens, Helli qui vos Dromelius Herbam,Ga naar voetnootline 2.
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Sordida turba, Godis pariter Bravisque sacratam,Ga naar voetnootline 3.
Heidenicè docuit snotto turpare Kwyloque?Ga naar voetnootline 4.
5[regelnummer]
Foei! pudeat vos, hinc (foei! foei!) procul ite profani:
Nil mihi vobiscum; solum est Pipale quod al is.Ga naar voetnootline 6.
O Liefhebbery, (queîs, de meliore pot aardaGa naar voetnootline 7.
Candidus imborstum finxit Titanus, & harta
Ediliora dedit) commendo jure Tabaccum.Ga naar voetnootline 9.
10[regelnummer]
Schubbiferi nam quot swemmunt in flumine Vissi,Ga naar voetnootline 10.
Cernimus in Lugta snellos quot vligere VoglosGa naar voetnootline 11.
Tempore Someri, Bloemas quot terra cleuratasGa naar voetnootline 12.
Exhibet; in toppis quot frondes suntque Bomorum.Ga naar voetnootline 13.
Ars habet ewichias tot Smocatoria Laudes,Ga naar voetnootline 14.
15[regelnummer]
Quas allas (queat hoc quis?) non memorabo bysondre,Ga naar voetnootline 15.
Ejus ad eigeniam bene doodrinxisse, gepastis,Ga naar voetnootline 16.
Noctibus atque dagis hanc exercere maniris,Ga naar voetnootline 17.
Moreque Majorum smocali vescier aura.Ga naar voetnootline 18.
Quantae molis opus? quam fraja sed ardua saka?Ga naar voetnootline 19.
20[regelnummer]
Non omnes Kokki, longos qui dragere messos,Ga naar voetnootline 20.
Dicitur, ut plegunt; nec quivis Dosiger, etsiGa naar voetnootline 21.
Credatur grotus studii rocalis amator.Ga naar voetnootline 22.
Achtitur hanc merito leruisse fideliter artemGa naar voetnootline 23.
Rokere, sed qui vult, scite, Volgentia discat;Ga naar voetnootline 24.
25[regelnummer]
Haec legat & bravus poterit smocator haberi.Ga naar voetnootline 25.
Stoppere non tantum laus est, & nemere PipamGa naar voetnootline 26.
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In Mondo, nec Eam satis est aanstekere vuro;Ga naar voetnootline 27.
Hoc etenim boerikus callet Kinkelius omne.Ga naar voetnootline 28.
Ast dextre linkra par est vasthoudere & illam,
30[regelnummer]
Regtera stoppere munita deinde sit handa;Ga naar voetnootline 30.
Turn peinzibundos cum Majestate kykerosGa naar voetnootline 31.
Flectere; posturâ stoelis considere regta,Ga naar voetnootline 32.
Denique sat Pipoe consumere temporis elkoe,
Hemelicasque dapes non irreverenter habere.Ga naar voetnootline 34.
35[regelnummer]
Scilicet haud schielicis, sed longis suigere trekkis,Ga naar voetnootline 35.
Swirificisque minis, lenteque exblasere rokum.Ga naar voetnootline 36.
Non hollas, nimio flatu, distendere buccas,
Rondaque per dunnam cringelia spargere Luchtam.Ga naar voetnootline 38.
Neve pati vuurum restingui donec in eindoGa naar voetnootline 39.
40[regelnummer]
Ungue suo excipiat pipales duimius asschos:Ga naar voetnootline 40.
Flumine speeksely vasto non mergere vloerum,Ga naar voetnootline 41.
Drinkere nil quidquam vini bierive, sed haustuGa naar voetnootline 42.
Tameliko (largos absit siccare bekeros)Ga naar voetnootline 43.
Fistula quum lega sit mondum lipposque rigare,Ga naar voetnootline 44.
45[regelnummer]
Hoc opus, hic labor est, hos artis gloria cronat,Ga naar voetnootline 45.
Rokere sic Mannum, me judice, passit honettum.Ga naar voetnootline 46.
Est mea spes fumus.
Dat is:
Al myn wenschen is maar Rook.
50[regelnummer]
Rooken is myn wenschen ook.
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Genthe's reprints are the best and conform very closely with the (1750) Edition. There are only 2 variations in the 1846 Ed., probably misprints, viz. Capes for dapes in line 34, and hausta for haustu in line 42. In the 1859 Ed. this latter was corrected, but not the capes error which is perpetuated. His editions are practically identical with the (1750) edition, and had he not categorically stated that his copy of the Original-Druck had an ‘Einfassung’ one would easily believe that (1750) Ed. was the one from which he reprinted. Should any reader of ‘Het Boek’ know of, or possess any other editions than those now described, I should be very grateful for full particulars for my Bibliography of Macaronic and allied Literature. A letter to the address given below will always find me.
Aug. 21, 1924. John Hodgkin Constitutional Club London, W.C. 2. |
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